Sri Lanka’s first capital Anuradhapura, located within the Cutlural Triangle in the North Central province, was the greatest monastic city of the ancient world. It was the royal capital for more than 100 Sri Lankan kings and at its heights was home to thousands of monks from dozens of monasteries. Originally founded by a minister called Anuradha in the 4th century BC, it became the capital of Sri Lanka two centuries later. After a long and sometimes bloody history, it was abandoned in 1073 and is now, today the most important religious and cultural site in Sri Lanka. The ruins of Mahavihara, the first Monastery, which served as the seat of Theravada Buddhism, as well as the Thuparamaya, built by King Devanam Piyatissa in 250 B.C, the Ruwanwelisaya, and several other monasteries and temples can be seen. The ancient Bo Tree, which was originally a branch of the Bo tree in Budda Gaya under which Lord Buddha attained enlightenment and brought to Sri Lanka by Emperor Asoka’s daughter Princess Sangamitta is also in Anuradhapura.
Today, because of its outstanding architecture and rich ornate ruins, Anuradhapura is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Particular standouts include brick domed structures called dagobas, which served as repositories of Buddhist relics; myriad, ornate monasteries dating back to the first kings of the area; and ponds, the highly complex water tanks which were crucial to the survival of the city.